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Riigikohtu lahend lubamatu tõendi kohta Boltiga seotud väärteoasjas

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Riigikohus on teinud 09.02.2021 lahendi, kus on Riigikohus leidnud, et praktiliselt kõik MUPO kogutud tõendid on lubamatud ning isiku suhtes tuleb väärteomenetlus lõpetada.

https://www.riigikohus.ee/et/lahendid/?asjaNr=4-20-1588/28

 

Põhimõtteliselt kõik tõendid olid kogutud seeläbi, et MUPO ametnik tellis Bolti, kohaletulnud sõidukil ei olnud sõidukikaarti, auto nägi kohale jõudes MUPO ametnikke, hakkas ametnike eest ära sõitma ning koostöös politseinikega sõiduk peatati.

 

Mida Riigikohus arutas? 

 

Kas Tallinna Munitsipaalpolitsei Ameti ametnikel oli riiklikku järelevalvet teostades õigus tellida tõendusteabe kogumiseks infoühiskonna teenuse Bolt kaudu taksoveoteenust.

Kolleegium nõustub kassaatoriga, et korrakaitseorgani tegevus infoühiskonna teenuse abil taksoveoteenuse tellimisel, kogumaks teavet selle kohta, kas taksoveoteenust osutades järgitakse seaduse nõudeid, vastab olemuslikult kontrolltehingu tunnustele.

 

Aga mis toiming oli Bolti tellimine?

 

Rakenduses Bolt tellimuse esitamise ja selle aktsepteerimise tulemusel tekib tellija ja vedaja vahel tsiviilõiguslik suhe ning ühtlasi saavad tellijale teatavaks teatud andmed sõiduki ja selle juhi kohta. Tellides riikliku järelevalve jaoks taksoveoteenust, nagu Tallinna Munitsipaalpolitsei Amet seda menetletavas asjas tegi, varjab järelevalve tegija oma tegelikku identiteeti ja eesmärki ning sõidukijuht ei ole järelevalvemenetlusest teadlik. Tellimust esitades jätab järelevalve tegija sõidukijuhile eksliku mulje, et ta on klient, kes soovib taksoveoteenust. Seeläbi sekkub täitevvõim vedaja lepinguvabadusse, mis on osa eneseteostusvabadusest (PS § 19), ning ettevõtlusvabadusse (PS § 31), samuti õigusesse informatsioonilisele enesemääramisele (PS § 19). Põhiõiguste riive on intensiivsem, kuna järelevalvemenetlus toimub varjatult.

 

Seega ei anna ühistranspordiseadus riikliku järelevalve tegijale õigust tellida Bolti kliendirakenduses sõitjana esinedes taksot eesmärgiga kontrollida, kas taksoveoteenuse osutajal on olemas seadusega nõutavad dokumendid. Sellist volitust ei tulene ka korrakaitseseadusest, milles sätestatud järelevalve erimeetmeid lubab ühistranspordiseadus järelevalve teostajal piiratud ulatuses kasutada (ÜTS § 81 lg 3).

 

Järelikult ei saa taksoveo teenuse osutamise üle järelevalve tegemiseks kontrolltehingut kasutada. Sellise toimingu tegemine on oluline menetlusõiguse rikkumine, mistõttu ei ole selle tulemusel saadud tõendid väärteomenetluses lubatavad.

 

Käsilolevas asjas ei ole menetlusalusele isikule ette heidetav tegu kontrolltehinguga kogutud tõendusteabeta nõuetekohaselt tuvastatav. Järelikult tuleb väärteomenetlus V-J. Mironovi suhtes VTMS § 29 lg 1 p 1 alusel lõpetada.

JAGA POSTITUST

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