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Märgiline Riigikohtu lahend: Kas Sinu kasuks tehtud jõustunud kohtuotsuse saab lõplikuks lugeda?

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Kuklase & Partnerid vandeadvokaat Karin Antsovil õnnestus Riigikohtus saavutada positiivne tulemus. K. Antsovi arvates on Riigikohtu lahend õigusselguse saavutamisel tänuväärne ning peaks loodetavasti lõpuks tagama konkreetse vaidluse osas õigusrahu. 
 
Loe lähemalt antud lahendi kajastust meedias SIIT
Foto: Unsplash fotopank
Mida tähendab teistmine? Kohtumenetlus otsast peale?
 
Üksnes seaduses sätestatud alustel on kohtul õigus uuesti läbi vaadata vaidlus, mis on lõppenud jõustunud kohtuotsusega. Õiguskeeles nimetatakse seda teistmiseks (Eesti õiguskeelsussõnaraamat ütleb, et teistmine on jõustunud kohtuotsuse uuesti läbi vaatamine).
 
Pretsedenditu avaldus menetluse uuendamiseks
 
Riigikohtu 15.01.2020 määrusega tsiviilasjas nr. 2-12-46735 lahendas kohus pankrotihaldur M. Sikuti avaldust, milles pankrotihaldur palus Riigikohtul uuendada menetlus asjas, kus kohtumenetlus on toimunud juba alates novembrist 2012 ning milles on olemas jõustunud otsus 13.05.2019. 
 
Tegemist oli pretsedenditu avaldusega, sest pankrotihaldur taotles tema esindatava suhtes tehtud positiivse kohtuotsuse uuesti läbivaatamist ja seda põhjusel, et pankrotihaldur soovis esindatava vastu esitatud nõude õigeks võtta s.t. soovis 116 319,20 euro suuruse nõude rahuldamist pankrotivõlgniku suhtes, keda ta ise peaks nüüd pankrotihaldurina esindama.
 
Miks Riigikohus varasemat jõustunud otsust ei tühistanud ja ei uuendanud asja arutamist?
 
Riigikohus on leidnud, et sellisel eesmärgil esitatud teistmisavaldusele ei saa riik anda õiguskaitset ja selliselt esitatud avalduse menetlusse võtmisest tuleb keelduda.
Riigikohtu lahendi ülevaade ja kohtuotsuse uuesti läbivaatamine vandeadvokaat Karin Antsov Kuklase & partnerid
Foto: Unsplash fotopank
Riigikohus on selgitanud, et teistmismenetluse eesmärk on anda teistmisavalduse esitamiseks õigustatud isikule teatav menetluslik kujundusõigus, mida saab kasutada menetlusosalist koormava kohtulahendi osas menetlusosalise õiguste kaitseks. 
 
Antud juhtumil esitatud avaldus ei olnud esitatud isiku kaitseks, vaid tema huvide vastaselt. Nagu Riigikohus on märkinud, ei tulenenud pankrotivõlgnikule varasemast menetlusest ka menetluskulude kandmise kohustust (seevastu hagi rahuldamise korral oleks vastaspoole menetluskulud mõistetud välja isikult, kelle kahjuks otsus tehti s.t. antud juhul pankrotivõlgnikult). 
 
Täpsustava infona, et tsiviilasja nr 2-12-46735 menetlus on kestnud üle seitsme aasta (!) (hagiavaldus on esitatud kohtusse 14.11.2012). Tsiviilasjas on toimunud igas kohtuastmes (maakohus, ringkonnakohus, Riigikohus) menetlus kaks korda ning 13.05.2019 on lõplikult jõustunud kohtulahend, millega on jäetud pankrotihaldur K. Mitti hagi M. Mürkhaina ja K. Mürkhaina vastu rahuldamata. 
 
Antud menetluses saavutas M. Mürkhaina ja K. Mürkhaina suhtes nii varasemalt kui ka nüüd positiivse tulemuse Riigikohtus Kuklase & Partnerid vandeadvokaat Karin Antsov. Kui eelnevalt esitas Mürkhainade vastu hagi pankrotihaldur K. Mitt, kelle hagi jäeti rahuldamata, siis oli kummaline vaadata  et nüüd soovis juba jõustunud kohtuotsuse tühistamist vahepeal M. Mürkhaina pankrotihalduriks saanud Mart Sikut, soovides sealjuures saavutada endale kasuliku otsuse tühistamist!  
Riigikohtu lahend - vandeadvokaat Karin Antsov Kuklase & Partnerid - Teistmine
Foto: Unsplash fotopank
Õigusselgus & tänuväärne kohtulahend
 
Vandeadvokaat Karin Antsovi arvates on Riigikohtu lahend õigusselguse saavutamisel tänuväärne ning peaks loodetavasti lõpuks tagama konkreetse vaidluse osas õigusrahu.
 
Riigikohtu lahend (nr 2-12-46735/185) on kättesaadav siin.
 
Eesti Ekspressi artikkel siin
 
Tartu Ringkonnakohtu 12.11.2018 lahend, millega jäeti M. ja K. Mürkhain vastu hagiavaldus rahuldamata ning mille uuesti läbivaatamist taotleti, on kättesaadav siin.  

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